TRADITIONAL CRAFT OF POTTERY MARKING IN SRI LANKA

 TRADITIONAL CRAFT OF POTTERY MARKING IN SRI LANKA

The pottery of Sri Lanka has a very long history. There are pieces of evidence about the history of pottery in Sri Lanka that goes back to the second century BC. It has become unbroken tradition that was passed from one generation to other. There is evidence from the archeological excavations at the Anuradhapura Gedige and Kandarodai in Jaffna that has found pottery items in the early stage of history in Sri Lanka.,  the archeolo gical excavations done near the Thissamaharamaya found many pottery items dated back to second BC. Some of them were imported from various places in the world. That proves pottery items were one of the main good which was traded in international trading in ancient Sri Lanka.

The techniques that are used by most potters have not been changed for a long time. Materials are prepared by thoroughly mixing red clay and black clay. Then the mixture is heaped and kept aside for about a month for seasoning. Then the broken heap is sliced by using a sliver of bamboo. The purpose of this is to remove dust and dirt. Then it is kneaded and trample with adding adequate water. Then it is kept for another day.

The traditional potters' wheel is called 'Sakaporuwa' (සක පෝරුව). It is a wheel around 2.5 feet in diameter. it is flexible to rotate and fixed firmly to the ground. The traditional wheel was turned by the potters' wife or a child while the potter was making the pot. But currently, most of the potters' wheels are driven by electric motors. While the wheel is turning potters puts a ball of clay at the center of the wheel and moulds the pot with both hands. He makes the shape and the mouth of the pot using the wheel. Then the pot is cut and taken out by using a small spoke. The ring of the pot is made using a piece of cloth or rubber tubing. Then the shaping and trimming are done. The bottom of the pot is not finished yet. Before that, the pot is kept for another day to dry. Then the potter takes the pot to his left hand and 'Walantalana Lalla' (වලං තලන ලෑල්ල) or 'Mati Aluwa' (මැටි අලුව) to his right hand which is a bat-shaped wooden tool. Then he holds a round stone inside the pot near the bottom and shapes the bottom by patting it with the Walantalana Lalla. Then the pot is rubbed smoothly and any decoration is added.

The kiln is used to burn pots to the required temperature. The Kiln is a square-shaped enclosure that is built to stack pots and burn. The firing is done by the potter himself. The materials that commonly available are used as fuel for firing. The most common fuel materials are coconut husks and coconut woods. There are few opens in the kiln to escape the smoke. Pots are stacked inside the kiln and first, it is smoked for around two days. This process is called 'Dun gahanawa' (දුං ගහනවා). Then gradually the temperature is increased and the pots are burnt for another one day. This needs the experience to make sure pots are burnt adequately. Otherwise many pots break when they are taken out from the kiln. After that, it is kept to reduce the temperature dramatically for about two days. Then the kiln is broken and the pots are taken out.

This is the traditional process of making a pot. There are some new techniques added. But still, most of the potters make their pots in a traditional way in Sri Lanka.